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Tribunists

Members of the Social-Democratic Party of Holland, whose organ was the newspaper De Tribune. The leaders of the Tribunists were David Wijakoop, Herman Gorter, Anton Pannekoek, and Izlenriette Roland-Holst. The Tribunists were not a consistently revolutionary party, but they represented the Left wing of the Dutch labour movement, and during the First World War (1914-18) they adopted an internationalist stand. In 1918 the Tribunists formed the Communist Party of Holland.

Triple Alliance

The Dual Alliance of 1879 between Germany and Austria-Hungary was joined by Italy in 1883. Italy broke away in 1906 at the Algeciras Conference and joined the "Entente" nations: Britain, France and Russia in 1915.

Trudoviks

A revolutionary group of peasants and intellectuals supporting an revolutionary agrarian program for the peasantry, to fully integrate them into capitalist Russia.

In April 1906, a group of 130 to 140 peasant deputies in the Russian Duma began separating themselves from the Cadets to form an independent party. These Trudoviks had an agrarian program that followed the demands of the peasantry for ownership of all land. Conversely, however, they did not seek to overthrow the government, but to overthrow the agrarian system. Thus, the movement represented an attempt to cleanse Russian society from all traces of feudalism, and to ensure all peasants capitalistic freedoms.

In the Duma the Trudoviks never fully establish themselves independently, and vacillated between the Cadets and the revolutionary Social-Democrats. During the First World War most Trudoviks took a social-chauvinist stand.

After the revolution of Feburary 1917, the Trudoviks fully supported the Provisional Government. The Trudovik Zarduny became Minister of Justice after the July events and extremely persectued the Bolshevik Party. After the October revolution the Trudoviks sought to overthrow the Soviet government and were disbanded.